McKeown starts this section of the book with a story.
He found himself - at some point years before in his graduate career - at an unexpected crossroads. Enrolled in law school, he found that he was not really engaged in it. He was going through the motions, but it did not engage him in any way - it was a "safe" option he was told, that gave him other options upon graduating.
Traveling to the U.S. for a friend's wedding, he found himself stunned by a conversation with a non-profit executive, who made the passing statement "If you decide to stay in America, you should come and join us on the consultation committee."
This comment stuck in McKeown's brain. It stuck because, as McKeown relates, "he (the executive) saw the choice (to stay) as a real option". This in turn got him to thinking, which led to him writing out the question "If you could do only one thing with your life right now, what would it be?" Upon finishing, he noted that "law school" appeared nowhere on the paper.
A few weeks later, he quit law school and moved to the US to pursue writing and teaching.
Often, says McKeown, we think of choice as a thing. But choice, he points out, is an action. It is a thing we do: "This experience brought me to the liberating realization that while we may not always have control over our options, we always have control over how we choose among them."
But he - and we - often feel conflicted. "I cannot do this" we say, "but have to do that". And so, day by day, bit by bit, we give up our power to choose, until all our choices become dictated by something or someone else.
"For too long we have overemphasized the external aspect of choices (our options) and underemphasized our internal ability to choose (our actions). Options are things which can be taken away, but our ability to choose (free will) cannot."
So how do we lose our ability to choose?
McKeown relates an experiment by Martin Seligman and Steve Maier, which demonstrated that the phenomena of "learned helplessness" exists. In short, it could be demonstrated that when the power of our ability to affect our environment is lost or forgotten, we simply learn to accept whatever comes our way. We feel we have no choice in the matter.
How does this manifest itself?
"When people believe that their efforts at work don't matter, they tend to respond in one of two ways. Sometimes they check out and stop trying, like the mathematically challenged child. The other response is less obvious at first. They do the opposite. They become hyperactive. The accept every opportunity presented. They throw themselves into every assignment. The tackle every challenge with gusto...These people don't believe they have a choice in what opportunity, assignment, or challenged to take on. They believe they "have to do it all".
Choices, points out McKeown, are hard - especially in a world where there are so many. But the Essentialist not only remembers they can choose, they cultivate a heightened sense of their ability to choose.
The alternative? "When we forget our ability to choose, we learn to be helpless. Drip by drip we allow our power to be taken away until we end up becoming a function of other people's choices. In turn, we surrender our power to choose. That is the path of the Nonessentialist."
The Essentialist, says McKeown, celebrates the power of choice, knowing that when the right to choose is surrendered, it "gives not only the power but explicit permission to choose for us."
Application:
The lesson of learned helpless, especially in the work environment, was an eerie reflection of how I approach every job I have had for the last 15 years at least: I feel like I have to do everything. It is often, more often than I care to admit, true of the rest of my life as well. Too often I feel I have no choice, when in point of fact I have simply surrendered any power of choice to everyone else.
"Options are things. Choice is an action." That struck me as a powerful thought. A choice is not just a thing. Things can be taken away. But one should never lose one's free will. Perhaps in this sense, Essentialism is not only teaching ourselves to focus on the important things, it is training us in the exercise (and preservation) of our own free will.